Engineering Lab Report About Internal Resistance - 1100 Words

Engineering Lab Report About Internal Resistance (Lab Report Sample) Content: Students NameProfessors NameCourseDateInternal Resistance * AbstractThis experiment was performed so as to investigate the concept of internal resistance which is an inherent resistance present in all electrical devices and is mainly ignored in most of the circuit analysis. The objective of the analysis was achieved by first connecting two 100 k Ohms resistors to a 10 V power supply them then obtaining the current through them. Then a Simpson meter was connected parallel to the second resistor and using the provided DMM, the voltage drop across the second resistor was obtained and the internal resistance of the Simpson meter calculated. It was observed that the value as the value of internal resistance increased, the current through the meter decreased. * IntroductionElectrical resistance is a quantity that is employed to measure how an electrical component reduces the amount of current flowing through it and is measured in Ohms (). The magnitude of resistance of an e lectrical device is calculated from the Ohms law relationship which suggests that current through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage across it.V = IR (1)Where;V = voltageI = currentR = resistanceMaking (R) to be the formula, then the above equation can be rewritten as;R = VI (2)Most electrical instruments have an inherent resistance, and in most circuit analysis, this resistance is ignored which can be valid for short wire connection. However, for power lines, this value has to be determined to avoid errors. The concept of internal resistance can also, be developed from resistivity which relates the length and the cross sectional area of the material and the resistance of that particular material. Thus, resistance of a material can be obtained using another expression as shown below;R = * LA (3)Where; = resistivityR = resistanceL = length of the conductorA = cross sectional area of the conductorFor this particular experiment, the concept of internal resistance was investigated sing Simpson meter which is used to measure voltages. * Lab Description and ProcedureFirst, the Simpson meter was connected to a voltage source at 5 V, and then the students practiced on how to read different scales of the meter. Then a similar circuit to the one shown below was constructed without a Simpson meter, and the value of IAB and IBC were determined using the provided DMM. Afterward, the Simpson meter was connected parallel to the second resistor, and the voltage drop across the resistor noted as displayed by the Simpson meter. Once the current through the meter was determined from Kirchhoffs law and recorded as I ERROR then, the internal resistance of the Simpsons meter was calculated. The above procedure was repeated with the Simpson meter at high scales i.e. 50 V, 250 V and 500 V. The entire experiment described above was repeated using resistors of 2.2 K instead of 100 K.Figure1. Experimental s et up * Results AnalysisWhen 100 k resistors were used;IAB = 50.13 AIAB = 50.03 AThese values are almost similar; the variation might be due to the internal resistance of wires.With Simpson at 10 V;IAB = 60.25 AIAB = 40.21 AVR2 = 4.3 VIERROR obtained using Kirchhoffs current law which states that current entering a junction should be equal to current leaving a junction.IERROR = 60.25 40.21 = 20.04 AR internal resistance = VR2I ERROR = 4.3 V0.00002004 = 214.570 KWith Simpson at 50 V;IAB = 52.59 AIAB = 47.82 AVR2 = 6 VIERROR obtained using Kirchhoffs current law which states that current entering a junction should be equal to current leaving a junction.IERROR = 52.29 47.82 = 4.77 AR internal resistance = VR2I ERROR = 6V 0.00000477 = 1257.861 KWith Simpson at 250 V;IAB = 56.70 AIAB = 49.71 AVR2 = 0.5 VIERROR obtained using Kirchhoffs current law which states that current entering a junction should be equal to current leaving a junction.IERROR = 56.70 49.71 = 6.99 AR internal resist ance = VR2I ERROR = 0.5 V0.00000699 = 715.308 KWith Simpson at 500 V;IAB = 50.45 AIAB = 49.95 AVR2 = 0.25 VIERROR obtained using Kirchhoffs current law which states that current entering a junction should be equal to current leaving a junction.IERROR = 50.45 49.95 = 0.5 AR internal resistance = VR2I ERROR = 0.25 V0.0000005 = 500 KWhen 2.2 k resistors were used;IAB = 2.1687 mAIAB = 2.1690 mAThese values are almost similar, the variation might be due to the internal resistance of wires.With Simpson at 10 V;IAB = 2.1817 mAIAB = 2.1564 mAVR2 = 5.25 VIERROR obtained using Kirchhoffs current...